Jet blowing apparatus.



No. 871,209. PATENTED NOV. 19, 1907.

A. COTTON. JET BLOWING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.16, 1907.

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A. COTTON. JET BLOWING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.16, 1907.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED NOV. 19, 1907.

A. COTTON. JET BLOWING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 16, 1907.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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PATENTED NOV. 19, 1907.

A. COTTON. JET BLOWING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 16, 1907.

4 SHBETSSHEET 4.

PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED-COTTON, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

' JET BLOWING APPARATTl'S.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 19,1907.

Application filed January 16.1907. Serial No. 352.541

. To all whom it may concern:

3 of self regulating nozzle Be it known that I, ALFRED CoT'roN,.asubject of the'King of Great Britain, residing at Newark, in the countyof- Essex and State of New Jersey, have'invented certain new and useful.Im rovements in Jet Blowin Apparatus, of which the following is a speci'cation, reference being had; therein. to' the. accompanying drawings,in which-:-

Figure 1 is a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of a portion ofanair conveyer equipped with one jet nozzle of my invention. Fig. 2 avertical central sectional view of a nozzle provided with a regulatingneedle valve; Fig. 3 a similar sectional view of a fprovided with aslightly differentl nozzle form 0 adjustable .needle valve; Fig. 4alongitudinal sectional view of an air conveyer rovided with a series ofautomatically contro led nozzles, said section being taken on the lineIV IV of Fig. 5; Fig. 5; a front elevation of the a paratus shown inFig. 4; Fig. 6 an enlarge vertical sectional view of one of theautomatically controlled nozzles shown in Figs. 4 and 5; Fig. 7 asimilar sectional view showing a slightly different form ig. 8 alongitudinal vertical sectional view showing a conveyer having parallelsides and a slightly different form of a jet nozzle, said section beingtaken on the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 9; Fig. 9 afront view of theapparatus showing a group of jet nozzles arranged according to myinvention in combination with a single conveyer of a peculiar form. Fig.10 a transverse sectional view on the line b-b ofFig.

- 4; and Fig. 11 a similar view on the line b-b of Fig. 8. Fig. 12 adetail vertical sectional view of a conveyor and nozzle.

- My invention relates to blowing apparatus in which a jet of steam, orother equivalent motive fluid, is em loyed to induce the desired fiow ofair or similar fluid which is tobe moved by the blower.

The special embodlment of my invention which is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings and which is hereinafter articularly described,relates to air blow'ers or feeding furnaces, and may be brieflydesignated as a furnace blower.

Broadly stated the objects of my invention are simplicity, com actnessand econom of construction-and e ciency, economy and reliability 'ofoperation.

More particularly the objectv of my invention is torovide a nozzle ofpeculiar form whereby 't he steam will escape therefrom with the leastpossible friction and loss of energy, and with the greatest speed andleast tendency to lateral expansion when it issues from the nozzle.

A further object of the invention is to combine mypeculiar form ofnozzle with a conveyer having its inlet end of proper form to insure theentry therein of the induced currents of air with the least possiblefriction and'without any tendency of themflowing air currents to crossthe steam jet, whereby there will be no cross currents at the mouth ofthe conveyer.

A further object of my invention is to arrange a plurality of nozzles insuch relation to one another, and to so shape a single conveyer to beused in combination with such plurality of jets, that the motive jetsand the induced air currents will flow through said conveyer with theleast possible friction and without. causing cross-currents of air orsteam within the casing, whereb the greatest efliciency ofthe plurality0 jets is obtained.

. Still another object of the invention is to provideautomatically-operating pressurecontrolled valves for varying thecapacity of the inlet to the nozzles, whereby the relative areas of theinlet end of the nozzle and the outlet therefrom may be varied.

I have discovered that the greatest efficiency in jet blowers is to beobtained by the employment of a nozzle of such form that theexpansiveenergy of the steam will be converted into speed energy, or tokinetic energy, within the nozzle so that when the jet issues therefromit will have the least possible tendency to lateral expansion, the jetmoving forward in lines substantially parallel with the longitudinalline of the conveyer into which said jet is pro'ected. Where the motivejet expands laterally to any considerable degree as it issues from thenozzle, it obstructs the mouth of the conveyer and retards the inflowingair currents. It is necessary therefore, to rovide a nozzle whose bore.is divergent Tom a oint very near its inlet to its outlet, and w ose.outlet is so roportioned with respect to the inlet that t e steam willhave expanded to almost atmospheric pressure before it lea-es thenozzle, so that its expansive energy will have been converted into speedenergy. What ever expansive force remains in the steam after it leavesthe nozzle seems toobstruct the inflowing air currents within theconveyer, and is, therefore, undesirable. I ac- 5 complish thispreferably by the apparatus herein described.

Referring to the various parts by numerals, 2 in Figs. 1, 2 and 3designates a nozzle support and steam inlet pipe. This pipe is providedwith a stud 3 near its upper end which is bolted to an upward extendinglip or projection 4 formed on the upper edge of the mouth of the airconveyer 6. The mouth of v this conveyer flares or is inwardlycontracted, as at 5. The curve of the flaring part being as nearly aspossible the curve which cur rents of moving gas would take uponentering an orifice, when said currents are induced or forced throughsaid orifice.

)rovided with a T-head 57, shown as axially in line with the centralline of the conveyer,

the rear end of-this head being closed by'a screw plug 7 ,.as arrangedin Fig. 1. To the forward end of this T-head is attached, preferably by'screw threads,'nozzle 8, the central longitudinal line of said nozzlebeing axially in line with the central longitudinal line of theconveyer. This nozzle is formed with an enlarged chamber 8 at its innerend which is in open communication with the interior ofthe pipe 2. Thenozzle proper is formed with a divergent bore, the inlet end 9 of saidbore being uite small and the outlet end 10 being consi erably largerthan the inlet end thereof. The relative size of the two ends of thedivergent part of the nozzle must'be such that the amount of steamadmitted to said.

nozzle may expand to almost atmospheric '40 pressure before it leavessaid nozzle. 1 The result of this is that the expansive force of thesteam is converted into speed energy so that the jet of steam uponissuing, from said nozzle will move forward in substantiallyparallellines, until its speed is considerably reduced. The enlargement of thejet, due-to deceleration, and not to expansion, 'must take 'place aconsiderable distance within the conveyer so as not to retard theinflowing induced air currents, and further itmust not take place withinthe conveyer until the steam and air currents have reached the samevelocityand are of the sametemperature. Any considerable lateralexpansion v of the steam prior to this condition havin v been obtainedis detrimental to the successfu operation of the'blower. It will bereadily seen that when the steam expands laterally aafter leaving thenozzle the air ourrents are retarded and, therefore, a greater amount ofsteam must be used in the blowerto induce the desired amount of aircurrents.

""At the inlet end of the nozzle the bore is enlar ed or flared, thecurve of the wall of said flared part being as nearly as possible Thelower end of the nozzle support 2 is' g a b of the nozzle so that thesteam jet will flow smoothly into the nozzle without any back pressure,a greater speed can be'obtamed 1n the jet with less" pressure than ispossible where the inlet end of the nozzle terminatesv in a sharpcorner. This I consider extremely important and it is one of thefeatures of my invention. It is important that the proportion of theinlet of the nozzle to the exit thereof be varied accordingto thepressure of steam in the pipe 2 in order that the amount ofsteamadmitted to the nozzle shall expand to substantially atmosphericpressure before it leaves the nozzle. it is apparent that if the inletof the nozzle were not varied in size the pressure of the jet and itstendency to lateral expansion as 1t issues from the nozzle would varysomewhat as the pressure of steam in the pipe 2 'varied. Therefore, tosecure the most eflicient operation of the nozzle I provide a lonitudinally adjustable needle valve 16 whic projects into the nozzle andterminates at its forward end in an extremely fine point. The rear endof this valvepart 16 is joinedv centrally to a head 15 which is carriedby-a stem 14. This stem is joined at its rear end to a screw plug 13, as

. to expand as herein before described, within It will be noted that thevalve,

the nozzle. is very long as compared with the length of the nozzle, theurpose of this being to avoid any' sudden enl argeinent of the capacityof the nozzle at anypoint therein. It'will be pparent that if the end ofthe valve were untor squared, eddies of steam would be formed at thatparticular point and that said eddies or cross-currents would obstructthe forward movement of the jet and result in a loss of efliciency.

As shown in Fig. 3 the stem of the valve is threaded as at 21 and isformed with a cylindrical portion 20 which passes through a stufling box18, a chamberlQ bein formed for'packmg material. The end of t is-stem issquared, as at 17, to receivean adjusting Wrench or other suitable tool.

It is desirable to provide meanswhereby the regulating valve 16 maybeautomatically operated by pressure-controlled means eonnected'thereto.One form of device for accomplishing. this .is shown in Fig. 6. As

- and 31, diaphragm 29 being consi erably' -'larger than 31.

illustrated therein the stem 33 of the valve isconneeted to two flexibled1aphra ms 29 in communication with the steam space of the chamber 26 bymeans of a port 36 formed in the valve stem. The diaphragm chamber 28 isconnected to the steam chamber 26 through the tubular neck 37 which isscrewed into said chamber. As shown in this figure the nozzle isscrewed'into the steam chamber 26 by means of its threaded forward end40' and a locknut 39 is screwed thereon out-side of the casing 26 tolock the nozzle in place. The operation of this selfregulating valve isobvious. Under normal working pressure the valve will remain stationary.When the steam pressure exceeds the desired normal working pressure thediahragm 29' Will'be forced inward and the inlet to the nozzle 8 will becorrespondinglyrestricted, that is its capacity will be re duced so thatthe amount of steam entering .thereinat the increased pressure will bepermitted to expand, and thereby reduce any pressure to the desiredpoint before it leaves the nozzle.

In Fi 7 is illustrated a slightly different form of self-regulatingpressure-controlled valve. As shown in this figure the valve stem 60 isprovided with an extension 46 which reciprocates in a recess formed in aThis stem 60 is guided near its forward end by a bracket 44. Surroundinthe stem and bearing against the inner si e of said bracket is a coilspring 50, said spring at its inner end bearing against the plate 49which is adjustably secured at the valve stem by means of a nut 48screwed on a threaded part 47 of said stem. As shown in this figure thecasing 26 is formed with an enlargement 59 within which the enlargedinner end of the nozzle is screwed.

VVhcn'the steam pressure within the chamber 26 increases beyond thedesired pressure. the valve will be forced toward the inlet end of thenozzle thereby varying the capacity of said inlet end in proportion tothe steam pressure.

In Figs. 4 and 5 a plurality of nozzles are ranged in a peculiar mannerand are to be used in combination with a conve 'er of peculiar shape incross-section. The nozzle support and steam chamber 25 is secured to theforward end of the conveyer and extends I horizontally across the samevmidway the height thereof. This chamber is provided on its upper edgewith upwardly extending nozzle supports 26 which are short extensions ofthe main steam chamber 25; and on the lower edge of the chamber 25 areformed corresponding down-Ward extending enlargements of said chamber.These enlargements are so arran ed that those on the upper side of thecham er are, directly above a point midway between the centers of thoseformed on the lower side of said chamber. The nozzles are secured tothese enlargements of the main chamber at points which are equallydistant on each side of a line passing lon itudinal the center of thechamber 25 an thedistance between the centers of the nozzles in the uper row are equal to the distance between the nozzles of said upper rowsand the centers of the adjoining nozzles in the lower row so that all ofsaid nozzles are equal distances apart from the adjoining nozzles. Thepur ose of this peculiar arrangement of the nozz es is to avoid as faras possible what may be termed dead spaces between the jets.

Eddies of air are apt to be formed in these spaces by the steam jets,and, of course; in so far as these eddies are formed they result incross-currents and impair the efficiency of the blower. The interior ofthe conveyer ada ted for use with this grouping of the nozz es issomewhat elongated horizontally having substantially flat lower andupper surfaces, outward and downward inclined. sides and rounded cornersconnectingv the end of the sides with the ends. of the upper and lowerwalls. The upper andlower walls are tangent to the circumference of thejets at the point where said jets will impinge upon said walls.cumference to the two outer jets and. the rounded corners are on thesame areas as the circumference of said jets, the arcs ofsaid cornersbeing struck from the centers of the outer jets.

As-shown in Fig. 4 the form of nozzle illustrated is of theself-regulating pressure-com trolled construction illustrated in Fig. 6.AS shown in this figure the conveyer is formed with a flared inlet endand from the inner end of the flared portion the inner walls of saidconveyer converge to a oint marked a'--a said point'being the smal estinternal diametor of the conveyer. From this point aa The side walls aretangent to the cirthe internal diameter of the conveyer en- I nozzle.

considerable distance. To this end the jet must have very littletendency to expand laterally; and its expansive force must have beenconverted into speedenergy within the As illustrated in this figure thegroup of jets will have enlargedbecause of their deceleration at theoint marked b.b to such an extent as to impinge upon the walls of theconveyer. Steam is supplied to the chamber 25 through pipe 56.

In Fig. 9 is shown another arrangement of the nozzles wherein however,each nozzle is an equal distance from all the adjoining nozzles 1n thegroup. In this ouping there are three horizontal .rows og nozzles, eachnozzle in the upper row is in a direct vertical line with. thecorresponding nozzle in the lower row. The nozzles in the intermediaterow are arranged midway between the nozzles. of the'upper and lowerrows, and an equal distance from the adjoining nozzles in said upper andlower rows. In cross section the interior of the single conveyer adaptedto'be used with this group of numerals is an irregular diamond shape,the corners formed by the meeting of the walls of the conveyer beingrounded, The upper and lower interior walls of the conveyer are tangentto the surfaces of the jets in said rows, and the side walls of saidconveyer are tangent to the circumference of the jets forming the endsof the rows. The corners of the said conveyer are on the same arcs asthe circumference of the end jets and are struck from centers axially inline with the centers of the end jets. By-this grouping and by theeculiar shape of the conveyer, dead spaces etween the jets are reducedto minimum and the nozz es are arranged in the best possible ositionforeliminating said dead space'sl his is an important feature of myinvention and produces a most efficient blower.

As shown in Fig. 8 the conveyer is formed with parallel upper and lowerlongitudinal walls and the jets will be enlarged laterally because oftheir deceleration sufficiently to impinge u n the walls of the conveyoralong the hue marked bb. a

As shown in Fig. 12 the conveyer is formed with acontracted throat orentrance, an inwardlyrtapered part extending inward from said t oat andthen a rearwardly enlargin part extending from the inner endv of saiconverging part to the end of the conveyer. The nozzle 8 is so arrangedthatt-he jet issuing therefrom will flow inward beyond the smallestdiameter of the conveyer before it has enlarged, by the loss of speed,sufiiciently to impinge upon the walls of the conveyer. By th1sarrangement there will be no checking of, the inflowing. jets in theconveyer. This is important as it contributes materially to the successof my particular form of nozzle-and blower. j 65 Having'full'y describedmy invention what erases I claim as newand desiretosecure by LettersPatent is 1. A jet blowing apparatus comprising a nozzle Whose internaldiameter gradually increases from its inlet to its outlet, the smallestdiameter of said nozzle being'so proportioned with respect to thelargest diameter thereofthat fluid under a certain pressure enteringsaid nozzle will expand to approximately atmospheric ressure before iteaves said nozzle, 1n corn ination with a conveyer open at its ends andformed with an inwardly contracted entrance throat and whose interiorgradually converges for a short distance from its throat and thengradually enlarges toward its outlet, the smallest diameter of saidconveyer bein located at such a point in the length of t e conveyer thatthe jet from the nozzle will travel beend said point of smallestdiameter before 1t has enlarged sufficiently to impinge upon the innersurface of the conveyer, said conveyer beingarranged axially in linewith the longitudinal center line of the nozzle, and the nozzle beinoutside of said conveyer ad'acent to its i et, whereby the air currentswill move inward'and entirely surround the nozzle, and means forchanging the proportional areas of the inlet and outlet of said nozzleby varying the capacity of the inlet thereof, for the purpose set forth.

2. A jet blowing apparatus comprising a nozzle whose internal diametergradually increases from its inlet to its outlet, the smallest diameterof said nozzle being so proportioned with respect to the largestdiameter thereof that fluid under a certain pressure entering saidnozzle will expand to ap roximately atmospheric res'sure before it eavessaid nozzle, 1n com ination with a conveyer open at its ends and formedwith an inwardly contracted entrance throat and whose interior graduallyconverges for a short distance from its throat and then graduallyenlarges toward its outlet, the smallest 110 diameter of said conveyerbein located at such a point. in the length of t e conveyer that the jetfrom the nozzlewill travel beond said pointof smallest diameter beforeit hasenlarged sufficiently to impinge upon 115 the inner surface of theconveyor, said conveyer being arranged axially in line with thelongitudinal center line of thenozzle, and the nozzle bein outside ofsaid conveyer adjacent to its in ct, whereby the air currents 120 willmove inward and entirely surround the nozzle, automatically operatingpressure controlled means for changing the roportional areas of theinlet and outlet 0 said nozzle by varying the capacity of the inletthereof,

for the purpose set forth. v

3. A jet blowing apparatus comprising a plurality ,of nozzles arrangedin rows, each nozzle in each'row bein an equal distance from theadjoining nozz es of all the rows, I30 1 the nozzles at'the periphery ofthe group tion from the walls of the conveyer that the nozzles are fromeach other, means of sup plying fluid under pressure to said nozzles anda conveyer having upper and lower internal walls arranged in transversesection at a tangent to the surfaces of the jets from the upper andlower rows of nozzles, the side walls of'said conveyer-\in transversesection being tangent to the surfaces of the jets from the end nozzles,the corners of said conveyer in transverse section being rounded on arcsstruck from (points axially in line with the centers of sai end nozzles,whereby the jets from the nozzle Wlll impinge upon the walls of theconveyer and upon each other in the same transverse plane.

4; A jet blowing apparatus comprising a plurality of nozzles arranged inrows, each nozzle in each row being an equal distance from the adjoiningnozzles of all the rows the nozzles at the periphery of the group beinghalf the distance in transverse direction from the walls of the conveyerthat the nozzles are from each other, means for supplying fluid underpressure to said nozzles, and a conveyer having upper and lower internalwalls arrangpd in transverse section at a tangent to t e surfaces of thejets from the upper and lower rows of nozzles, the'side -walls .of saidconveyer being in transverse section tan ent to the surfaces of the jetsfrom the en nozzles, the corners of said conveyer beingroundedintransversesection 'on arcs struck from points axially in line with thecenters of sald end nozzles, the inlet end of said conveyer flaringoutwardly from a point'nearits inlet end, said conveyer from plane.

the inner end of said flaring part gradually converging for a portion ofits length and then gradually enlarging towards its outlet end, wherebythe jets" from all the nozzles will impinge upon the walls of theconveyer and upon each other in the same transverse 5. A jet blowingapparatus comprisinga nozzle whose internal diameter gradually 1ncreasesfrom its inlet to its outlet, the smallest diameter of said nozzle beingso proportioned with respect to the largest diameter thereof that fluidunder a certain pressure entering said nozzle will expand toapproximately atmospheric ressure before it leaves said nozzle, incomliinat'ion with a conveyer open at its ends and formed with aninwardly contracted entrance throat and whose interior raduallyconverges for a short distance rom its throat and then graduallyenlarges towards its outlet, the smallest diameter of said conveyerbeing located at such a point in the length of the conveyer that the jetfrom the nozzle .will travel beyond said point of smallest diameterbefore it has enlarged sufficiently to impinge upon the inner surface ofthe conveyer, said conveyer being arranged axially inline with thelongitudinal center line of the nozzle, and the nozzle being outside ofsaid conveyer adjacent to its invlet, whereby the air currents will moveinward and entirely surround the nozzle.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature in the presence oftwo witnesses this 10 day of January 1907.

.ALFRED COTTON.

' Witnesses:

GEO.- O. TorTEN, GEO. R. FORD.

